THE CONCEPT OF TATA TENTREM KERTA RAHARJA

THE CONCEPT OF TATA TENTREM KERTA RAHARJA

          The literal meaning of its is a concept to build a nation that begins by stages :

a. Reforming the rules first , purpose , vision , mission clear , the circumstances of a region including its resources ( system = set ) .

b . When you are organized in accordance with the agreed rules and imbued with the spirit of togetherness , it will create a safe situation and conditions ( tentrem = safe orderly ) .

c . Furthermore, when it created the atmosphere that system tentrem atmosphere and morale would be awakened by sendrinya ( Kerta = work ) .

d . In the end when morale was up to the maximum , it is automatically well-being will soon be realized with certainty .

The concept pf tata tentrem kerta raharja  when explored further , starting from the concept of the Golden King Wastu as the king of Sunda - Galuh ( 1382) or also known as King Siliwangi to - 2 , in the inscriptions found in Astana Gede Kawali Kudat - West Java, which essentially contains : " If you want glorious state , should be able to build the strength of the peace , build strength with humility and anyone living in this area do not be greedy as it will only lead to harm " ( pakeun heubeul dibuana jaya , use gawe kreta right, wearing gawe kreta raharja , nutinggal earthly ambition koboro botoh act ATIS ) .

          General understanding of the Kawali inscription implies that it is a prerequisite to achieving greatness , the first is to be able to create conditions of peace , as in peace it will grow a strength , both physically and inner strength . Thus , parents who want to improve their lives at that time looking for a quiet place , quiet , and peaceful to be imprisoned . The prophet was when he received the revelation of the Word of God come in the quiet and peaceful atmosphere .

          In the situation at peace , we will be able to build right working atmosphere , establish the truth in truth ( kreta Ko ) . Then it will be a golden bridge toward the realization of a just and prosperous society Kerta raharja ( kreta raharja ) , where the Carita Parahiyangan Fragments , Kerta raharja is better known by the term : Ngertakeun creature rea ( social welfare for all citizens ) or Ngertakeun earth Lamba ( fertile prosperous homeland ) , hereinafter known as the concept of " Tata Tentrem Kerta Raharja" . An ideal conception according Pancasila ( Sila to - 5 ) , social justice for all Indonesian people , or the concept of Islam is known as a country that Baldathun Thoyibatun Warobun Ghaffur .

          Then , when examining the meaning of " build strength with humility " implies that as a qualified leader in moving the citizen should be humble power forward is not arrogant or cocky . Because someone believed to be a leader in essence is a mandate given by the people / subordinates , so that when forget yourself and be arrogant with power and control will be lost destroyed ( the act of ambition batengeh kateker ) philosophy as well as Kampung Naga or implied in the text Galunggung Commission Pare known as Sciences ( Science Rice ) are essentially becoming increasingly ducking contains .

          This is consistent with the conception of Islam that teaches that all humans must be humble . In the Qur'an says, " And thou low warned against those who follow .... " ( Al Syu'ara 26:215 ) , " O people , do not ever walk on the earth with conceit and arrogance " ( Al Lukman 31:18 / Al Isra 17:37 ) . As well as Buchari Muslim hadith , " So anyone who walked the earth will be disconnected from the circuitry arrogant My mercy , and whoever in his heart despite the pride terbesit of dust , then he will not smell heaven " . In addition, neither should ever be greedy only concerned with earthly interests both in finding the position and fortune, because he who is greedy then he will be wretched ( the act of ambition bobotoh kokoro ) , as mentioned in the letter of Ali Imron ( 3:185 ) , "The life of this world is nothing but a pleasure that deceive " .

          Leadership problems , closely intertwined with elements of compassion penance , penance grindstones , and penance foster laden with human values ​​are universal . For it should be embodied by a leader as a master in his leadership as done by the Sundanese king the title " King Siliwangi " , the legendary king , and loved the people , because it has been successfully empowering its people.

Eight Competencies Leadership of Sunda

Eight Competencies Leadership of Sunda

          There are several terms Sunda like cageur ( healthy ) , Bageur ( good behavior ) , Bener ( right ) , Pinter (smart - knowledgeable ) , wanter ( Dare ) , touring singer ( skilled ) , which is considered as the nature and character which should be owned by the Sundanese . The fifth term is in fact closely related to competence ' leader ' as disclosed manuscript SSK , FCP , AG , and SH .

          Sundanese script mengisysratkan eight attitude as the competencies required by a leader . In addition to the six competencies above , known as the term teger ( ductile ) and nanjeur ( tough ) that can be compared with 6 Point Modern Leadership Model FBI in 2012 , without teger and nanjeur .

          Various Sundanese dictionary compiled R Satjadibrata , RA Danadibrata , or only explaining LBSS lexical meaning .

a. Cageur mean not being affected by the disease , healthy or have / are recovering . Sundanese leader must have a rich body ( healthy / strong ) - wak ( said / energetic ) Future ( always keep your hearts ) . A leader must be healthy , strong , energetic , and always act with care , which relates primarily to the AQ and PQ ( Phisical Ability ) .

b . Bageur is a person who likes to give , good behavior and not naughty . A leader must have the attitude animan ( gentle ) , in the sense of violent behavior . Bageur more directed to conduct the favor ( wise ) - to ( wise ) - pradana ( pious ) , and friendly ( Bestari ) . Leaders must behave wise and virtuous , wise in addition to seeing things as well as friendly , karawaleya ' generous ' . Indispensable social piety of a leader , deals with the Emotionality Ability ( EQ ​​) .

c . Bener ' true ' , not one , seriously . A leader should be straight and uphold the truth , to be honest or nature , both in word , thought , or deed that is trusted by others , so intertwined harmonious understanding . The existence of an agreement between thoughts , feelings , and actions ( saciduh metu real saucap ) . In Trance Hayu said harmonization between the eyes ( vision ) , Tutuk ( greeting ) - talinga ( hearing ) , what is seen and heard to be in accordance with what was said , in tune with the Morale Ability or SQ .

d . Pinter ' smart / intelligent ' , berpengatahuan , able to work , easy to understand . Leaders must mahiman ( insightful and intelligent ) , has a wide range of knowledge and high -minded . A leader must also have a clever addition to the balance of flavors in the act , in accordance with Intellectual Ability ( IQ ) .

e . Singer ' skilled , agile , nimble ' , called by lagiman or cangcingan . Langstan ' rapekan ' , everything can , multi-talented and pro- active . Rajeun ' diligent ' . During his life to keep working . Morogol - Rogol ' bersemangant , high work ethic ' . His desire to work with the superior quality and the best , with respect to the Personal Ability ( PQ ) .

f . Teger ' do not be afraid and do not worry at all ' panceg hate ' is not wishy washy ' , calm and opinionated . A leader must ahiman ' firm ' , prakamyadan leukeun ' tenacious / persevering ' . Persistence in achieving goals aspired with patience . Leaders should not despair in the face of all conditions . Teger related to wasitwa ' open to criticism ' ' legowo ' and wisely aligned with Reliciance Ability ( RQ ) .

g . Tajeur / tanjeur ' able to stand firmly on its own feet ' . Leaders must Prapti ' on target ' , has a sharpness think . If false or speculate it would hamper job, aligned with Exelent Ability ( exq ) .

h . Wanter ' bold show under any circumstances but flexible ' . Wanter should purusa ning sa ' heroic , honest , brave ' . Creative and innovative . The reformer who dared to challenge the stagnation of human thought . Widagda ' thoughtful , rational and has a balance of flavors ' . Paka pradana ' dare to appear polite , ethical ' . Gapitan ' dared to sacrifice for his beliefs " . This is in line with Social Ability .

The eighth character is attached to the Sundanese a leader , it will give birth to humans excel ( maung ) are resilient and tough , thus giving birth to the conception of personal resilience / national . Eight ability as a leader is in line with the New Leadership of the FBI USA in 2012 , as stated by Prof. Hermawan Kertajaya Rapim when the military and police in 2013 in the Auditorium PTIK Jakarta .

In Galunggung Commission ( AG ) Verso III formulated a leader who ' mulya ' among others should have the following properties: siniti ( sage ) , sinityagata ( right ) , siaum ( fair and piety ) , sihooh ( seriously ) , sikarungrungan ( sympathetic ) , semuguyu ( friendly ) , tejah ambek ( humble / patient ) , the teacher bases ( steady talk ) . This is in line with Filder (1997 ) , the leadership is basically a pattern of relationships between individuals who use the authority and influence of the group to work together to achieve goals .

Leaders are characterized by the presence of the successful regeneration AG is expressed as the following : hana hana Mangke tanhana Nguni Nguni tanhana Mangke (no advance if there is no current and no we are today if our ancestors did not exist earlier ) , so that older should be a teacher and role model for the younger , the opposite is required to honor a young and willing to learn from the older ones. Accordingly, the cycle occurs systematically cadre of the precursor to future generations .

To that end , the Sunda leadership commitment must be actualized , consistent , consistent , conecton ( a pattern of ongoing relationship ) , and the presence of harmony and harmonious communication between the leader -led , between the predecessor and successor . Because one krteria a good leader is capable of preparing cadres successor .

The concept of leadership or pattern implied in the text Siksakandang Karesian Trance , Fragment Carita Parahiyangan , Trance Hayu and other texts such as the Commission and Carita Galunggung Queen Pakuan , if pulled the threads should at least be able to act as :

a. Leader ( in the absence of understanding of the mind , one word , and one work properly , teaching about righteousness with exemplary pattern ) .

b . Manager ( in terms of managerial ability and teach about something good , ie a good rule , good planning , etc. ) 

c . Entertainer ( nothing to do with human relations problems . A leader must be able to establish a good relationship with fellow human horizontally with any leader , in addition to fostering good relations with subordinates and with the surrounding environment ) .

d . Entrepreneur ( entrepreneurial spirit . Require life marketing leader ,  high struggle and tenacious, resilient leadership that can work well is not excluded ) .

e . Commander ( capable of ordering as well as a driver ( maker) or a motivator for his subordinates , is able to decide the issue quickly and appropriately , able to admonish and as the main responsible of the organization ) .

f . Designer ( able to act as designers in various fields for the progress they lead ) .

g . Father ( paternal act , like a father with his children terhadp loving ) .

h . Servicer ( must be able to be good stewards , because it is essentially a leader was a ' servant ' who is responsible to the people ) .

i . Teacher ( able to become teachers , educators , and teachers as well as a role model for the community / subordinates ) .

If the ninth character is already embedded as a gesture in itself a leader , he would be a " character " or " Master " who loved , admired , respected and legendary , fragrant scent name in the eyes of the public , as well as capable of prospering society . Thus , the leader / king with such a degree as Master entitled Leadership .

At times bihari ( formerly ) as revealed in texts Buhun through philological fact , archaeological facts , social facts , and the facts of mental and literary fact , an ideal leader figure who remains a legend in the hearts of the people then dubbed as the King Siliwangi ( king of fragrant name ) . As a Master who has qualified , the big kings at a time when it was behind his name often dubbed : Maharaja , Raja Rishi , Queen Haji and others.

Leadership As a statesman ( King ing Palanka )

Leadership As a statesman ( King ing Palanka )

          A nation can be delivered many qualified leaders , but not necessarily able to bring the figures Statesman superior . A new leader can be said to be a great leader , a capable , if he was able to act as a statesman in the sense of the word , a statesman who must be a leader , but a leader is not necessarily able to act as a statesman .

There is also the attitude that should be possessed by seoarng Statesman as laid down in the Commission Galunggung recto 1 :

a. Do not clash ( Mullah Pabuang )

b . Do loggerheads ( Mullah Pasalahan forced )

c . Do not mutually insist ( Mullah Pakeudeu - keudeu )

d . Do not polarize on truth ( Mungku urang mimprangkeun dibener )

e . Do not be suspicious of each other ( same nenget thy Hulun )

f . Do not scramble the position ( ala - ala pa Haywa palungguhan )

g . Do not scramble job ( ala - ala pa Haywa pamonang )

h . Do not scramble services ( ala - ala pa Haywa demakan )

i . Do not take someone else's ( Mullah ngarampas dwasa TNAP )

j . Do not hurt others ( Mullah midukaan tnapa dwasa )

k . Should live in harmony ( Each Rampes )

l . Do not let other people's ancestral land occupied - Love homeland ( Keep dapetna pretapa , dapetna pegengeun my magic Beunangna foreign ) .

That particular attitudes that must be held by Statesman seoang as a leader , there is even a special mandate mentikberatkan on the importance of love of country . Namely , that the knights , the nation's next generation of young cadres are able to maintain their ancestral lands ( kabuyutan ) , was able to maintain his homeland not to be overwhelmed by foreigners or the capitalists .

Even as it is considered a very important attitude to maintain the homeland , to the extent that there oath or specific mandate of a king Galuh King Darma Torture ( XII century ) for the successor , if not able to maintain it . So he said to be more despicable than most rotten garbage that is in jarian . namely :

§ Keep the capture / mastered ancestral lands by others ( beunangna kabuyutan Keep me sakalih ) .

§ There will be many traders who want to seize the land of the ancestors ( Banyaga nu deck ngarebut kabuyutan ) .

§ That the foreigners who want to seize the land of the ancestors ( yes nu meunangkeun Foreign kabuyutan ) .

§ More valuable than the junk in place weasel skin Rajaputra unable to maintain ancestral lands captured others ( Mulyana skin Lasun in jaryan , modalna rajaputra antukna my beunang sakalih ) .

In the SSK - Rector III explained , the attitude of the leader as a statesman " should do kemulyaan that focus on only one thought , word, and deed " ( hence the mulya , ambeg me , my word , my hidep ) or attitude " Bawalaksana " ( commitment , consistent , consistent , and responsible ) as disclosed in the book Word Pandita Queen , as the main attitude that must be owned by a leader . So the leader as Statesman ( Pandita Queen ) . Do not to pursue the position ( kalungguhan ) , did not pursue the position / job ( pamonangan ) or the pursuit of service and fortune ( demakan ) , pursuing a position ( position) or status . However , more menitikbeatkan the role ( role ) or deed ( action ) . Namely as " Leader by action is not a leader by position" or Leadership by the leadership role but not by status " .

          To pursue kamulyaan nation and state , carried out by " Bawalaksana " ( commitment , consistent , inconsistent ) with all the following responsibilities at all hazards . This is in line with the Hadith and the Qur'an that " I have made you khalifa on earth but will be I 'm accountable " , so as a responsible leader must be able to both physically and spiritually , the world and the hereafter . So the first class man will go to heaven is a just ruler .

LEADER AS ABDI

Leader as Abdi

          SSK VI reveal " leader as servant attitude " , which gives a message that the prerequisite before so leaders must be able to act as a servant first . That is , do not dream could be a good leader before being able to pass and act as servants , so that the concept of leadership is divided into 3 conception , namely as Hulun ( servant ) , Palanka ( container / GOI ) , Prebu ( leader ) .

          By the very nature of a servant leader is just a major , as maid . Even in the " 8 habbits " said the supreme leader is a level 5 leader who is able to devote himself without limit / no limit to serve with humility and consistent attitude to keep reminding about the infinite truth . As for the properties as a servant leader include:

a. Mullah Luhya ( not complaining )

b . Mullah kuciwa ( do not be disappointed )

c . Mullah ngontong dipiwarang ( not difficult ruled )

d . Hiri Mullah and Mullah envy (do not envy and jealousy )

e . Mullah nyet nyot tineung urang (never wavered )

f . Mullah kukulutus (never grumble )

g . Haywa Pamali (never breaking taboos )

h . Deung deungan sakahulunan ( not harming others ) .

This is in line with the theory of " Leadership as a Waiter " from Farhom (1994 ) , Benge (1950 ) , or Schein (1992 ) suggests that in fact the leader is to serve others , serve the community and serve the interests of the organization so that a leader must be empathetic , responsibility , persuasive , a good listener , committed , consistent and consequent .

Attitudes another servant leader as noted in the text as 4 SSCs are restrictions that should be avoided : Mullah babarian ( do not be easily offended ) , Mullah pundungan ( not easy to sulk ) , Mullah humandeuar ( not easy lamented ) , Mullah kukulutus ( do not grumble ) .

As for the attitude of a servant leader as the latter within their SSK - IV , that it is essentially the devotion of worship , work plant cultivation ( the karma ninghulun , saka road urang Hulun , karmo ma ) , then as a leader should fear ( the fear ) , shy ( hence Jarot ) , respect ( the Atong ) , no-nonsense ( hence teuing ) .

In connection with the ban , the SSK revealed that the leader must be able to maintain dasakreta as dasaindra embodiment , which should keep your eyes , ears , skin , tongue , nose , mouth , hands , legs , body , and genitalia in line with QS Al Araaf 197 .

SSK manuscript peeling apart the good and bad characteristics of a leader , also contained human nature that make mischief in the world called Blind Chess , that is human nature that berkaraker four giant destroyer of life .

a. Burangkak ( terrible ) , known as mad creature mighty terrible , unfriendly , often snapped . Burangkak behave rudely , take the heat , do not know manners nd often break the rules . Feel rank higher than others.

b . Mariris ( heart / disgusting ) , the more disgusting than rotting animal carcasses ; humans who like to take away the rights of others, corrupt , cheat , lie .

c . Marende ( scary ) , the SSK is a giant -faced countryman fire . At first people assumed that the leader character cold remedy , the public is able to bring peace to live peacefully , but after becoming leader turned out to bring the heat and cause a disaster in the community .

d . Wirang ( embarrassing , cunning ) , the SSK is shown as a terrifying beast , that is, those who do not want to be honest , he does not want to admit mistakes , unwilling to come clean , sera always blaming others .

One of the main prerequisites as a servant is fidelity ( satyadikahulunan ) are realized in the form of devotion to God Almighty , the parents , the state , a noble goal , society , leaders , yourself . As for the script -I SSCs known as Dasa istlah Perbakti which originated from devotion in a family environment , education , community , government , and in the moral environment of spiritual divinity .

The concept of loyalty as a servant is also expressed in the philosophy and understanding of the ancient Javanese script hanacaraka , Datasawala , Padajayanya , Magabatanga . Which means , no soldier as an ambassador / envoy who brought the news but because of his loyalty to the king's order finally to bring his loyalty until death . In this case implied that it should be maintained loyalty to the death .

When you view the concept of the religious devotion , as implied in the Qur'an ( Al Dzariat 51:56 ) , said : " I do not make the jinn and mankind except to serve Me " and further says in surah Al-Fatihah , which reads : " iyya kana ' Budu wa'iyya kanas Ta'in " ( only to Thee we serve and Thee only us for help ) . So , that is the task of the real people in this world merely to serve . And are reminded of the man do not ask for help before they can serve perfectly , because habits that happens, people are always asking for help but do not remember ever not even serve well to others especially to the Almighty .

Abstinences in Leadership

Abstinences in Leadership

          Manuscripts Commission Galunggung ( AG ) describes four prohibition for a leader in a commanding manner , namely :

a. Mullah kwanta ( do not shout )

b . Mullah majar like ( not sarcastic)

c . Mullah madahkeun on Janma ( do not vilify others)

d . Thy word ngapus ( do not lie ) .

AG VI version uncover abstinence as a leader in the science of water form " patanjala " , that a leader :

a. Do not be easily influenced

b . Do not care about the temptation

c . Do not listen to bad speech

d . Leaders must be visionary centered on the goals and ideals , as stated Seth Kahan (2002 ) .

This is in line with the theory of " Leadership Model Path and Destination " expressed by MG Evans (1970 ) , House and Dessler (1974 ) , which focuses on performance within their member to be the norm , rule , or standard operating procedures ( prasedur fixed ) and working standards . As well as in line model " Leadership is based on Output " as stated Clitton and Ulrich (2001 ) with heavy titk leadership is successful in achieving its objectives through the correct process .

Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (SSK)

Sanghyang Siksakandang Karesian (SSK)

          SSCs to review and reveal the " parigeuing " which includes ten guidelines or demands that must be owned and carried by a leader in developing and leading subordinates , Prasanta known as Dasa . Ten guidelines for how leadership is able to soothe the liver , as has been reviewed in the previous chapter .

          The Prasanta Dasa , if we look closely , the principle is grounded in the quantity and quality of human relationships , but not in conditions of rigid and authoritarian . In the communication process still uses the principle of compassion penance , penance grindstones , and foster penance .

          Because Dasa Prasanta , the principle is grounded in the quantity and quality of human relationships ( human relationships ) but not in the employer - worker relationship conditions are rigid and authoritarian . Based SSK person can be said to have expertise Dasa Prasanta if he has qualified quality . In a sense , a leader must be charismatic , have ' prestige ' and ' luck ' that occurred from the inner quality , so it will appear in kepemimpinannnya traits .

          Dasa Prasanta concept is the essence of the science of human relations in management , although implicitly saying that the new one can be a leader if the inherent personal leadership character called pangimbuhing twah or complement to have good luck / charisma / prestige .

          Dasa Prasanta , when analyzed based on the concepts of leadership that is included in the category theory " Humanistic Leadership " as proposed Mc . Gregor (1966 ) , Blake & Mourton (1964 ) , or Likert (1967 ) which focused on the " development of motivation " or also be in line with the theory of " Strategic Managerial Leadership " as presented by  Buckingham & Coffmant (1999 ) , Drucker (1999 ) , or Kotter (1998 ) who also focus on the alignment of vision , inspiring and motivating and encouraging his followers .

          Dasa Prasanta is also consistent with the theory of " transformation value " Bass stated in Bennis (1993 ) , Burns (1978 ) or De Pree (1995 ) that focuses on alignment , creation , and empowerment so that leaders and followers appreciate each other, lift each the other to the level of morality and higher motivation .

          There are twelve elements that must be pangimbuhing twah marker character of a leader . The twelve complementary focus on the character aspects that must be owned by a leader of a positive character that should be preserved and developed as stated preformance SSK ( see Leadership Pangimbuhing Twah in the previous section ) .

          Concepts , patterns , figures , and text style of leadership based on SSCs within their duties , that a King as the leader of the wheels of government ( executive ) should ngagurat rock ' steadfast character ' and should be able ngretakeun Lamba earth , in the sense that a leader must be able to be welfare and  peace of the living world . In the world of life include the universe and includes inner and outer wellbeing .

         Thus , the task of the leader is to create the environment and a prosperous life , with dignity and grace and pleasure of the Creator , Allah the Merciful and Compassionate . That is the end of national aim and state society to realize that Tata Tentrem Kertaraharja build strength in peace to create welfare of the nation .

          Twah Pangimbuhing is in line with the theory of " Charismatic Leadership " as conveyed by Maxwll (1999 ) , Arthur (1993 ) , or Weber are researching since 1947 that focuses on the strength of the effect , or the tradition of superior quality that is owned by someone . Also in line with the theory of " Aspirational and Visionary Leadership " as told Burn , Kouzez & Posner (1998 ) , Peter Walkman (1990 ) , or Richard Enge (1986 ) , which focuses on moving terms , the leadership role as a compass , a guide so that others willing to fight for a common goal , then Pangimbuhing Twah is also in line with the theory of " Spiritual Leadership " Lest model of Green (1996 ) , Spears & Frick (1992 ) , Fairhom (1993 ) or Maxwell ( 1993) on the influence of self focuse to a leader who have a commitment to the spiritual , customs , culture , values ​​, and traditions of the community / environment / organizational tradition .

Fragment Carita Parahiyangan ( FCP )

Fragment Carita Parahiyangan ( FCP )

          The problem of leadership is also revealed in the manuscript FCP . Leadership patterns implicit in FCP , is Trarusbawa as prebu ( leader wheels central government ) in charge of several warlords appointed by mutual consent with the rama (community representatives ) and the receipt ( the legal decision makers ) . Systems such as the division of power known as the Tri Tangtu Dibuana ( three unsus determinant of life in the world ) , consisting of prebu , rama and receipts .

          Prebu is the leader of the wheels of government ( executive who is currently held by the government ) should ngagurat rock ' steadfast character ' . Rama is the elder group as the representative of the people ( legislative or House of Representatives ) which must ngagurat weak ' character determine who should stand on ' . While receipts are the ones in charge of religious law and empower darigama ' state ' ( judicial or currently held by the Supreme Court ) should ngagurat cai ' mild- soothing as water , appropriate measuring and always flows downwards to defend the weak and oppressed in the judiciary .

          When listening to the political system Sunda past as revealed in the manuscript known as the Tri FCP Tangtu Dibuana , is known as if it came from the " trias politica " grounded Montesque which began in the eighteenth century AD . For people who are not too familiar script Buhun Sundanese , maybe it thinks is right , but for the master script philologist , would feel weird . Precisely division of the political system and the government is already embodied in the Sundanese government since the eighth century AD

          It was proved that the ancestors of the past it is the wise and intelligent person who was already able to implement the theory trias politica of France. Ten centuries before the theory itself was born , so here 's role as King of kings can not rule absolute / authoritarian with unlimited power . But there is a balancing of power that Rama and sage . Even a king can not survive as a king without the blessing of Rama and sage , so there is a philosophy known as : Hero Member ngadeg Galunggung , Sukapura ngadaun ngora ( Hero Member or a King can be regarded officially as a king when there Galunggung as a blessing from the central Rama and sage ) . It is evident from the literature are instances Sunda royal history , Galuh and Padjadjaran , among others, the rise of King Permana Dikusuma as king Galuh ( VIII century ) or the appointment of the Gods Jaya / Sri Baduga Maharaja as king at Padjadjaran ( XV century ) as a result of two dileburnya Sundanese kingdom and Galuh .

Sanghyang Hayu( SH )

Sanghyang Hayu( SH )

The term " Parigeuing " or kepememimpinan a la Sunda SSCs are revealed in the manuscript written in the 16th century AD , an ancient manuscript leather palm . In general, it tells the guidelines or procedures in order to achieve the goodness of life . The concept of leadership is based on a script Trance Hayu any confidential or three underlying concept known as the concept of Tri Tangtu Dibuana in SSCs which includes Tri Geuing : Parigeuing ( lead ) , Upa Geuing ( food ) , and Geuing ( clothing ) . Where in the script Trance Hayu Tri Tangtu concept is divided into 5 sections as in previous pillowcase .

Tri Tangtu Dibuana concept is a concept of systemic patterns of behavior in Sundanese ethnic / archipelago in general good behavior in society, nation and state are signaled three provisions as a whole , is different but still one or known as Unity in Diversity .

The fifteen character as expressed in the manuscript should Hayu Trance ingrained in a leader . And to be a figure of the ideal leader must hold fast to the principle astaguna ' eight wisdom ' , so his leading go hand in hand , well , and harmonious . The eighth wisdom as expressed Darsa (1998 ) is as follows .

a. Animan ( gentle ) , a leader should have a gentle nature , in the sense of not behave rudely , so that people who feel led feel cared for .

b . Ahiman ( firm ) , a leader must be assertive , not wishy washy ( panceng hate ) .

c . Mahiman ( eclectic ) , a leader must have a wide range of knowledge and high -minded in order not to lose his subordinates .

d . Lagiman ( agile / nimble / skilled ) , a leader required to be skilled and agile and nimble in action or perform a task .

e . Prapti ( on target ) , a leader must have the sharpness of thought and sharp to target , because if the wrong or speculate it would hamper job.

f . Prakamya ( tenacious / persevering ) , a leader must also have the tenacity and perseverance are very high . Leaders should not despair that all jobs can be done with a good and effective .

g . Isitwa ( honest ) , a leader is required to have honesty , both in word , thought , and deed in order to be trusted by others ( co-workers / businesses / companies / other countries ) and subordinates , so intertwined harmonious understanding .

h . Wasitwa ( open to criticism ) , a leader must have the attitude of ' legowo ' and wisely so willing to accept suggestions and open to criticism if the leader was doing wrong , or deviate from the rules set .

Astaguna leadership is in line with the theory of " leadership by nature " as stated by LL Barnard (1426 ) , Kilbourne ( 1927) , Page ( 1935 ) and Locke & Patrick ( 1991) who emphasizes that as a leader must have superior properties as a characteristics that distinguish it as a leader with other human . Leadership theories have Astaguna also in line with the " Role Leaderhsip " of homas ( 1950 ) , Kahn ( 1970 ) , Mitzberg ( 1978 ) which focuses on the character of the leader must have a specific role in the group in accordance with the circumstances yan needed at that time .

NATIONAL LEADERSHIP BASED LOCAL WISDOM OF SUNDA

NATIONAL LEADERSHIP BASED LOCAL WISDOM OF SUNDA

          Amid today's era of globalization , glancing at the history and wisdom of ancient culture is quite thoughtful gesture . Why ? Apparently, without us knowing it , many benefits as well as the creativity and cultural information ancestor heritage ( heritage ) can be extracted and expressed yng off today .

          One of the cultural resources of the past that is very important is the script , which can be seen as a cultural document , as it contains a variety of data and information ideas , thoughts , feelings , and knowledge of the history and culture of a nation or a particular social and cultural groups . As a source of information , it is certain that Buhun manuscripts ( ancient ) is one of the elements of culture that is closely related to the social and cultural life of society that spawned and supports it , written on paper , palm leaves , bark , bamboo slats , or rattan , etc. .

          These manuscripts generally contents reveal past events that imply aspects of people's lives , especially on social and cultural circumstances , which include : systems of religion / religious , technological and material objects , livelihood / economic , social , science / education , language , and the arts ( Koentjaraningrat , 187 ; Syriac NS . , 2010: 48 ) .

          How important is a ' codex ' for civilization and cultural development and community life today ? Manuscripts as cultural documents are no longer known . Although it is still interesting to be dug , said , and can even be used as a mere moral guidance in the lives of current and future .

          Excavation text manuscripts both Sundanese , Javanese , Bugis , Makassar , Batak , and others can help uncover the nation's indigenous culture from past issues related to " the concept and the pattern of leadership " . With reference to the wisdom of the nation itself would be more grounded , because it has become the philosophy , traditions , and culture are rooted and tested hundreds and even thousands of years according to geographical situation and the character of the community itself , which currently tend - not to say too often - oriented leadership concept model of European / Western that is not necessarily in accordance with the national culture .

          However , it does not mean anti dengang then Western concept . Good concept of the West can still be used as a reference , but do not neglect the local knowledge to prioritize and perform excavation indigenous concepts that are tested . The Western concept could play a role as a supporter of the concept of local knowledge so that concepts , science , and philosophy can be a local host in his own home .

          To that end , should we want to reflect the culture of the nation itself . Digesting local wisdom buried in the ancestral cultural heritage . Particularly as reflected in the script and dealing with leadership issues .

          Indeed , this nation is rich with assorted indigenous leadership . Local knowledge of leadership , among others known as " parigeuing " ( remind , aware , aware ) , as stated in the text of the Sunda Buhun 16th century ( 1518 AD ) , in respect of moral guidance or guidelines for leaders in carrying out the duties and leadership to be successful and loved , either by the people or subordinates . In it is closely related to all aspects of life between the leaders and the led aspect of the 'real ' is happening in society today .

          Leadership issues revealed in a manuscript of the 16th century Sundanese as mentioned in the text of Trance Siksakandang Karesian ( SSK ) , Fragment Carita Parahiyangan ( FCP ) , Commission Galunggung ( AG ) , and the Trance Hayu ( SH ) . The texts in the form of palm leaves , and Sundanese beraksara Buhun ( ancient ) which can be less recognized and understood again by some people in the present .

          A leader in the script SSCs , should animate the concept of ' three secrets ' as a natural fortitude globe in order to successfully achieve greatness or better known as the concept of Tri Tangtu Dibuana packaged in the concept of ' trigeuing ' ( three warnings ) namely : as King , Hulun , Palanka ( Leader , Abdi , State ) or more specifically parigeiung , geuing , upageuing ( Leader , Clothing , Board ) . There is also written in the script SH , the third secret is divided into five sections that number to fifteen characters should ingrained in leaders , namely :

1 . Budi ( wise ) - To ( wise ) - Pradana ( pious / main / mulya )

2 . Rich ( healthy ) - Wak ( said ) - Future ( liver )

3 . Pratiwi ( grounded ) - Akasa ( space ) - Between ( middle )

4 . Eye ( vision ) - Tutuk ( speech ) - Talinga ( auditory )

5 . Bayu ( speech / wind ) - Word ( faith / works ) - Hedap ( heart / mind ) .

In addition, a leader in this manuscript should also stick to the principle teguah astaguna ( eight wisdom ) , namely : Animan ( gentle , polite ) ; Ahiman ( firm ) ; Mahiman ( intelligent , broad-minded ) ; Lagiman ( skillful , dexterous ) ; Prapti ( on target ) ; Prakamya ( tenacious and persevering ) ; Isitwa ( honest , true ) ; , and Wasitwa ( open ) .

One of the prerequisites to be a perfect leader , before a person becomes leader he has to be a faithful servant first ( satya dikahulanan ) , which should have properties never complained , not easily upset , it is not difficult ruled , never envy , his loyalty never wavered , never breaking taboos , do not harm others ( Luhya Mullah , Mullah kuciwa , ngontong dipiwarang Mullah , Mullah nyetnyot tineung urang , deungdeungeun sakahulunan ) . Besides, as a Servant also must have a personality Opat ban ( four prohibition ) , not easily offended , sulk , grumble , give up ( babarian Mullah , Mullah pundungan , kukulutus Mullah , Mullah humandeouar ) .

The legendary leader or his name is fragrant scent according SSCs leader Prasanta Dasa properties , namely ten ways to give a good command capable of calming the liver . Based SSK , held as a leader figure , if already attached to his personal character called Pangimbuhing Twah kepepmimpinan or complement to have good luck / charisma / prestige .

A good leader must have a positive attitude , able to abstain / avoid the mistakes so negative that charismatic leadership would be able to realize the leader as ' Master ' is legendary . So should steer clear of human nature that make mischief in the world called Blind Chess , Burangkak ( rough ) , Marimis ( disgusting ) , Marende ( sadistic ) , and Wirang ( sly ) .

The concept of leadership Sunda according to SSK , FCP , SH , AG should at least be able to act as a leader , manager , entertainer , entrepreneur , commander , designer , father , Servicer , and teacher . The nine criteria should be embodied and reflected in the self and the attitude of a leader and leadership , toward the ideal leader . So if someone has had nine criteria then it will manifest as a Master Leadership or ' leaders ' are legendary , fragrant scent her name as the title of kings of the Sunda - Galuh and Pajajaran better known as the " King Siliwangi " that a king who loved , admired , and respected community , and be able to empower  people , communities ( ngertaken creature rea ) Tata Tentrem Kerta Prog .

Based on the concept of Leadership Reparation Silas Asih

Based on the concept of Leadership Reparation Silas Asih

          Reparation compassionate behavior that shows a sense of genuine affection . With a view to realize a happiness among them . Asih demanding honesty , dedication , ability to discipline , patience Asih , Asih an expression of self-expression and sense of beauty .

          The substance of penance asih more likely kapada different intrinsic qualities in a person's inner land . When a sense of compassion has been residing in one's inner leader , the social relations will always be based on the vibrations of beauty humane values ​​are aligned and harmonious , ending with happiness as stated in the text Cages Torture Trance Karesian which reads : ' Ngertakeun earth Lamba ' the welfare of the natural world .

ASIH penance , penance grindstones , and penance ASUH

         Implies parenting guide , guard , protect , mempehatikan , directing , carefully nurture to survive physically and spiritually and happy afterlife. Foster care is equality , able to appreciate , fair , noble character , heart clarity , demanding responsibility and kebersaman ( Suryalaga , 113-117 ) .

          Suppose we carefully digest the meaning of wisdom contained in compassion penance , penance grindstones , and foster successive turns laden with human values ​​are universal . In connection with leadership style embodied Sunda dalamTradisi Write . Interpret as a penance in mutual compassion To love with all your heart clarity . Educate each successive sharpening meaningful human qualities . While Reparation parenting is a life full of harmony , the jargon has now menasional . Asih penance , penance grindstones , and penance foster a system interact in society , containing together in partnership and responsible engagement .

          Moral attitude of compassion penance , penance grindstones , and foster penance must always be owned by a good leader and is considered ideal . Because of the ideal leader . Because a good leader and is considered ideal if the leader has been able to prosper his people through leadership in various ways as described in the text and inscriptions that a leader who has been able to ngetakeun urang Reya ' welfare of the people ' . Such a leader in the Sunda leadership is the ideal leader who is able to act as a leader , manager , entertainer , and entrepreneur that is a king who had ngarajaresi that an ideal leader for the Sundanese people who already ngajaresi .

Sharpening penance

            The basic concept is each successive sharpening the intellectual , each increase knowledge , broaden horizons and improve the quality of experience born batinuntuk humanity in all its aspects , both at the level of cognitive, affective , spiritual maupu psikomotori . Which aims to prepare a leader to be able to cope with the challenges and problems faced leadership . It is very important for a leader , so that communication is established and the existence of a good and smooth transfer between the leader and the led.

          Successive sharpening is a process of activity between the two parties , there is a role as a giver and receiver of knowledge . Hone means to have a vision and mission , self-control , measuring instruments in achieving the goals , demands patience , requires openness , has a system of order , the 

Charismatic Leadership Lessons Sunda Pangimbuhning Twah

Charismatic Leadership Lessons Sunda Pangimbuhning Twah

Pangimbuhning Twah is an important element in leadership who also became an important principle that must be owned by a leader . This principle was developed by King Siliwangi , so leadership becomes a legend in his time .

There are 12 Pangimbuhning Twah element that characterizes the character of a leader , namely :

Emet . Not Consumerist .

There is a proverb " Saeutik mahi , greedy nyesa : can ngeureut neundeun " . Someone who is not accustomed to the consumer , will be able to control greed . In the next period , this kind of behavior will be able to keep from corrupt behavior was very disgusting .

Imeut , careful , careful .

In the terminology there is the phrase " must Nastiti taliti ati - ati tour ; act bobo sapanon , sapakan branches , sticks langkang braid barrier " . The phrase was translated freely , it has a meaning that how much time is wasted when someone preoccupied with fixing mistakes because not careful or not careful in doing something .

Rajieun , similar understanding diligently .

Fortunately for those who take advantage of the time in his life with diligent work . So no matter how small the time wasted .

Leukeun , diligently .

In fact, in this life whoever you are diligent in doing something , it must be achieved any goals or targets of interest. Persistence will usually hand in hand with patience . Nothing is instant . All must be process.

Paka Pradana , beranitampil , dress decently and ethically .

Any clever person , if it is not able to appear , would have no meaning. But brave enough to perform just as well if not unethical .

Morogol - Rogol , vibrant work ethic .

Life must continue to have a passion . If human life does not have a passion , in fact he has withered , weak , and could be desperate to live a life .

Ning Parusa Sa , heroic , honest , and brave .

The leader must have these three things . Because that is exactly what distinguishes a person called a leader or not . Change and progress can only be achieved by people who have souls brave hero as well .

Widagda , thoughtful , well-balanced mind and heart .

Life should always be a balance between mind and heart . So that each step will always be guided by a balanced truth .

Gapitan , willing to sacrifice to defend her beliefs .

There is no success without struggle , there is no struggle without sacrifice . All this is done with the sure and confident .

Karawaleya , generous .

Life must share . No man is able to live alone in this world . Life need each other . Sometimes we are excessive , it must be willing to give to those who are experiencing difficulties .

Cangcingan , skilled , trengginas .

Life is full of competition . So fortunately for those of you who have a skilled attitude in taking every opportunity.

Langsitan , can in everything.

If you want to succeed , then that person must have the ability to be versatile and pro active . Because only they can achieve success 

WISDOM OF TRI TANGTU DIBUANA

Wisdom King Siliwangi

Another name of King Siliwangi is Jayadewata , King Master Dewataprana , Sri queen of the Gods , King Keukeumbingan Sunu , Manah Sense . King Siliwangi legendary name in the area of ​​Sunda and West Java . One form is to be used as the name melegendanya university name Siliwangi Military Command III Siliwangi .

One of the valuable lessons taught by King Siliwangi is related to leadership models developed so as to become a legend in his time . Some leadership doctrine taught by King Siliwangi proved very imprint and used as guidelines by the people and government officials at that time . Of course, the teaching is quite interesting to study and when it may be applied in the present situation .

Among some of the teachings of leadership that include : Parigeuing , Dasa Pasanta and Pangimbuh Twah .

Parigeuing .

 Meaning Parigeuing is ruled and ordered way with a polite language so as not to cause disaffection for the ruled.

In this way it would seem that in the Parigeuing required for a leader to be good at communicating . The ability to communicate with people led is something very important to be possessed by a leader .

The task of the leader by King Siliwangi is Ngertakeun Lamba earth , namely the welfare of the world the universe of life . Namely realize environmental and prosperous life , with dignity and grace of the Creator .

While the function of the leader , according to King Siliwangi refers to the teachings of the Tri Tangtu Dibuana . Namely the three functions that determine the welfare of life in the world . Where all three summarized in responsibility : The Rama , the sage , and the King .

The Rama , is the embodiment of a good family so as to create the realization of the nation's welfare . In another sense , the strength of a nation is dependent strong the community.

The Rishi , is a knowledgeable person , egghead . The main task of the sage is to lead , educate and steer towards a better society . People have become enlightened , happy , prosperous and unseen .

The King , is simply defined as the formal leaders , bureaucrats , government officials . The principles that should be used as a handle by which they are to obey the legal order . If the law can be implemented correctly and consistently , then society will dipimpinya orderly and purposeful .

When all three pillars of leadership that is able to work optimally is therefore in the model of leadership that is capable of maximum welfare of society as well.

According to the theorists of leadership , there are four kinds of appearances leadersnamelyPioneer . Usually as a novice driver with today: it is an original concept and be able to convince the community of the truth of the objectives to be achieved .

Synchronizers , a leader who is able to align their community groups . More managerial . Directing the community to achieve the vision and mission to be the accomplishment .

Empowerment , leader character as morale booster , motivating work ethic . Able to utilize and operate the entire device that belongs to the community .

Role model . The leader of exemplary character throughout the community. Exemplary role includes inner and outer aspects of their daily lives and behavior .

Teachings Leadership Fiber Version Pamarayoga .

Teachings Leadership Fiber Version Pamarayoga .

In the work of R. Fiber Pamarayoga Ranggawarsita Ng explained that the leader should be open minded , have kanuragan science , kadigdayan and kawicaksanaan .

According Suwarni from Surabaya State University in his article titled Image Nation Leader in Java Library ( http://ikadbudi.uny.ac.id , May 3, 2010 ) stated that the identity of the leader is the dharma ( liabilities ) are very heavy , divided into 8 things , include :

1 . Hanguripi , a leader must protect the people , respect and preserve the peace , according to the law , so that the resulting self-confidence , to achieve a decent life ,

2 . Hangrungnkebi , that a leader must be willing to sacrifice the soul , body and wealth for the welfare of the nation . Mikti authority as a public servant becomes the responsibility that must be carried . Gather the strength to defend the people with Sasanti united we stand divided we fall ,

3 . Hangruat , means combating the problems that disturb the tranquility of the country for the sake of government , such as reducing poverty , helping people with disabilities , provide educational skills of youth , increase piety , with the hope of gaining forgiveness , self-cleaning , so that the Lord gives and the ease of solution ,

4 . Hanata , meaning ' arrange ' that leaders must live the philosophy of the civil drajating njunjung , based on the concept of ' civil Mbangun nata lan ' , enforce discipline , honesty and loyal ( loyal ) , for the welfare of the people , by Sasanti ing sung ngarsar tuladha , middle Mangun ing wills , tutwuri handayani , give examples , inspiring and authoritative work in front of people , as reported in the influential leadership Pncasila . People are given the opportunity to capitalize on the potential natural state , in accordance with the mandate of the Constitution 45 ,

5 . Hamengkoni , ' gives the frame ' , so that national unity is maintained. The government gives freedom ( freedom is limited ) , to the people trying to exploit the potential for domestic and cooperated with other state intervention ,

6 . Hangayomi , ayom means ' protected ' , ' shady ' . Hangayomi meant to provide protection to the people , in order to feel safe , free to earn a living in the shade of divine revelation . To maintain the authority is obliged to protect the nation's leader . If a country , a lot of chaos , commotion , not safe then people certainly feel uncomfortable . Work becomes impaired , is also reluctant to do business , as a result, investors do not want to go .

Moreover, when officers inaction and omission practiced it , then arguably the state fails to protect its citizens .

7 . Hangurubi , raise morale to the people , to achieve well-being . People expect welfare are met , adhering to the behavior fairly, honestly and faithfully defend the truth . Foster a sense of compassion and participate in developing relationships with the community to prosper , pandhita face to hold on to the words of the queen . That a leader must be true to his words , in certain respects is the leader greeting behavior.

8 . Hamemayu , maintain order state , the alignment and harmony based on mutual trust keep away from suspicious nature , in order to improve the government order . Every leader must be able to maintain the state of the things that cause social disharmony . Never be left wild growing issue , with no end of the base .

Sultan Agung Leadership Model

Sultan Agung Leadership Model

Teachings of leadership was developed by KGPAA MN.I ( Mangkunegoro I) . I Mangkunegoto is a direct descendant of Sultan Agung Hanyokrokusumo , king of Mataram ever struck VOC in Batavia in 1627 and 1629 .

We are aware that it turns our hero has been able to cultivate human potential is so unique that cultivate intelligence , refinement turn , maintain a healthy body and mind sharpness processing when dealing with his Lord .

There are 10 teachings presented in the form of songs , starting with the phrase : " Supreme puniki Kawignyane Wong , pan sedasa colors , can tan yen , nistha kuciwa dadine , dhihin karem ngelmu ing , " That is , the meaning of the Supreme ( descendants Mataram ) , it should be has ten basic skills , if not master it surely would be humiliating and disappointing knight . First , fond of study.

Kaping can kalih Koran , can tigo maca ping , ping sekawanipun , kudu alul anenurat , " That is , both should be able to recite the Koran , third , able to read , all four should be able to write ( compose ) . The definition and understanding of a leader should be broad , including the ability to read , write , understand and even widespread knowledge .

" Kaping limo , Wignyo anitih turanggi , ping enem biso begso " , namely : the fifth , a skilled equestrian , the sixth , was able to dance . Can be understood here that if a leader must practice the skills of physical skills , as well as sharpen the taste though , to be able to sharpen the taste though , and able to hone his body .

" Ping pitune wruh ing gising kudu , kudu can Kaping wolu apan , Tembung Kawi big song . " That seventh , a leader must be good to live ( plays ) song , eighth must be able to simultaneously understand the ancient Javanese language and big song . A leader is required to understand the native culture luluhurnya . Thus , he will understand the rich cultural heritage of his people.

" Ping dross biso iku , though Yudho gelaring soldier , Wignyo angadu bala " . That ninth must master the science and tactics of war . Here we came to understand that the leaders in the past have had a strategy and techniques fight against the invaders . So naturally, if the then Sultan Agung able to beat the VOC led by Jan Pieter Zoon Coen in Batavia .

" Ping sedasanipun , limpat pasanging mentally , wruh sasmita traping kramaniti , wruh saniskareng bases . " Tenth , to be responsive to the dynamics of the times , understand manners , customs and culture .

When observed , leaders in the past have considered only a matter of a change of date. However, there are important messages that do not forget to pay attention to a matter of manners , customs manners as the basis of a civilized society lives .

By understanding the philosophy of the leadership of Sultan Agung we so understand that in fact the leader at that time have been able to think fisioner , thinking far ahead , but so too has considered the matter of norms , manners and maintain the harmony of life by promoting ethics

Teachings Leadership Ki Hajar Devantoro

Teachings Leadership Ki Hajar Devantoro

Never was a son of the nation which became known as Ki Hajar Dewantoro . He led a national movement movement with its main base is in the field of education . The movement was started precisely on July 3, 1922 , at which time it was eventually used as the momentum of the movement .

Ki Hajar Devantoro were originally named Raden Mas suwardi Surjaningrat establish Park students . One of the leadership doctrine applied in the Student Park organization is that the teacher must be able to stand up in advance to set an example to the students . A teacher must be able to be in the middle to encourage , and stand behind to provide opportunities for work .

The concept is very well known : ing ngarso sung tulodo , ing madyo Karso Mangun , tut wuri handayani . These teachers transformed the concept broadly to the concept of leadership .

First , Ing Ngarso sungTulodo . Ngarso means at the front while the meaning tulodo example . The significance of this teaching is that as a leader in top- level management anywhere , a leader must be a good example . If a leader is able to do like this then surely there is no obstacle at all for this kind of concept can be implemented . For a leader has always been at the front to give an example or role model .

Second , Ing Madyo Karso Mangun . Madyo means middle , Mangun means to establish as appropriate , while Karso means the will . Any leader , he is a middle manager means if you like to think and act consistently , whoever the leader must have a boss . Thus if you want to succeed as a leader is recommended in order to establish , observe , preserve , and maintain the will and purposes of superiors and subordinates equally.

That is , a leader must be able to be aligning , balancing , and as well as fun for whole . Thus , the wisdom of a leader will be easily visible when running this concept .

Third , Tut Wuri Handy . Tut Wuri meaning behind , while handayani means to give strength . This very precise concept as implemented in an organization . As leaders we must be able to properly care for subordinates not spoil but rather provide direction and sense of security . In this way the course is expected to provide maximum results against the objectives of an organization .

Indeed, the three teachings are actually more prominent and found to educate purposes . But in fact , this concept is also suitable when applied in carrying out the concept of leadership . Because the point is how a leader maintain balance and harmony in running the organization .

Leadership is a unique blend of a leader , friend , and teacher . To enforce the trust , then the leader must be able to demonstrate that he has the advantage in that side. Leader should stand in front of or be in the top spot gives instructions to his troops . It is  ing ngarso sung tulodo . In front of an example . When I met with esteemed companies , it turns out they have one thing in common : they led were standing in front of and emulate . In the exemplary case there is an interesting story to be a lesson .

It is clear here that , teacing is leading by exam . In the context of modern management , perhaps ing ngarso sung tulodo concepts can we interpret as to lead . However , the leader of which was in front too far and too long gets boring for followers or his men . Thus , the leader was not enough to be in front . Modern management teaches us to build teamwork and empower the team 's work .

Building a team is not difficult , because the principal is the organizing principle . Furthermore , empowering the team is not easy because the team members are human beings with different backgrounds , character , desire , motivation , and even the same vision and the same goals willed , but because of the interest of each individual different , then the process can run fast teamwork , but can also slow and bureaucratic .

          If organization moves slowly , and work teams in it becoming a source of inaction , who should be held accountable ? None other than the leader . A leader is just being in front of the front and continually will find his men walked slowly , do not get along can even undermine leadership . Where one of the leader ? One thing only , team work will not be able to work efficiently , if not inspired to work efficiently . Microsoft has an efficient work team as its CEO mempunyaikebiasaan to hang out and be in the middle of its employees . It also occurs in many companies in Indonesia , until someone mentioned that this type of model management as leadership by walking around - or also management by walking around . Ing the essence of madyo Iinilah Mangun Karso or to inspire .       

          The third concept is empowerment . The task of the leader is seeking candidates for a new leader who would replace him . One of the important goals is to be able to sustain the organization runs continuously and sustainably . He does not just "look " but also prepared . One of the best ways is to give an opportunity to " learn to lead " by providing an opportunity to be creative in the corporate corridors . Here we also met with the delegation principle which gives leaders in the limited authority to his subordinates to develop tasks assigned proportionally . In the language of Ki Hajar , is referred to as the tut wuri handayani , or in the language of management to MOTIVATE .

Philosophy of Leadership Tri - Dharma KGPAA

Philosophy of Leadership Tri - Dharma KGPAA

I Mangkunagara

History is always recorded with gold ink streaks , if the perpetrator has " something " that is phenomenal . KGPA Mangkunagara I was one of the leaders noteworthy because it has enough leadership teachings give meaning and real impact in his tenure .

So it is finally feasible if our hero is entered into a national hero . Why is that ? Achievement is the ever acted when fighting against the Dutch in the 18th century , around the mid 1700s where Prince Samber Life , which has occupied the throne named Kanjeng Gusti Pangeran Arya Duke I Mangkunagara .

In times of deep concern periods of struggle , he led his men to drive the spirit to rise from adversity . Namely using leadership philosophy known as the Tri - Dharma teachings consists of the following three :

1 ) rumongso Melu Handarbeni , ( sense of belonging ) . This doctrine gives any hint that state officials should always feel they have properties that are connected with the duties of states, organizations , and others .

By having the feeling that whatever is done is done responsibly , not recklessly , and manage it well . Everyone should felt that overall it was ours in a positive sense , that is a passion for the affection that we have. Thus in performing tasks , we would be more serious about recognizing that we do is for our own benefit and the environment .

2 ) Mandatory Melu Hangrukebi , ( duty to defend ) . Given that we face is ours , then as a consequence we are obliged to defend and maintain them either voluntarily without orders . So that each face a problem is always seen in the perspective of participating account for every task assigned.

3 ) Mulat Sariro Hangroso Wani , ( Mawas themselves , and then dare to be ) . Someone who will act should look into themselves honestly , what will he do the harmony between thoughts, words , and deeds .

With this attitude is certainly very little opportunity for negligence, dereliction of duty , absent , and the like . For caution here is really a major consideration before proceeding . Each step is always to consider whether the step has been taken into account carefully .

Tri - Dharma teachings have passed through space and time . But the meaning of the teachings of sustainable and still very actual to be carried out up to now . No one if the teachings are still relevant to the modern State to be done in nature at this time .

Teachings Leadership Mahapatih Gadjah Mada

Teachings Leadership Mahapatih Gadjah Mada

The realm of the history of leadership in the archipelago , Gadjah Mada Maha Patih is phenomenal and legendary figure . His name is recorded in golden ink because achievement does . Thus , it is not wrong if we take valuable lessons about leadership from this one . Many of these teachings are still Gadjah Mada relefan to be applied to the present . That is why leadership is able to become a legend in his time .

Keprabuan Majapahit experienced a golden age during the reign of Tribhuana Tunggadewi Jayawisnu Ward who passed by her son Hayam Wuruk who holds Sri Rajasanegara . In that time , ie the period between the 1328M s / d 1389M Keprabuan Majapahit experiencing a golden age , mastering the entire archipelago , except for two small kingdoms in West Java , the Sundanese Sundanese Galuh and Pakuan .

With such a broad scope of powers that influence can certainly be imagined charismatic figure behind it all . There are even stating that his territory is ranging from Madagascar to Papua , to the north to the Philippines . All of that is certainly due to the exercise of the sublime teachings , including the doctrine of leadership . It is not separated from the role of the famous Gadjah Mada Mahapatih with Palapanya Oath .

With firm determination , Gajdah Mada led his nation to unite the archipelago , with the hope that the unity and can protect the joint from the threat of the nation in the north , who was known as the Tartars . Majapahit oceans build up strength so strong fleet consists of hundreds of warships under the command of admiral Nala , and also a reliable ground forces , with special forces Bhayangkara core strength .

It is natural that the Gadjah Mada has specific teachings leadership guided and taught during his time in power . Leadership and teachings were strictly adhered to by all officials and people who were allies of the ruling bureaucracy when Gadjah Mada .

Some of the teachings of the leadership of which 18 contained in the order , are:

1 ) Wijaya , a leader must have the soul of calm , patient , wise , and do not panic in the face of problems quickly . Only with a calm soul , every problem can be resolved. With a calm spirit allows every problem can be solved by calculating not with emotion . Even with a calm soul , no matter how serious the issue will surely find a way out .

   Tranquility in thinking showed maturity and wisdom . These people certainly have a broad understanding of society . He will not take a hasty decision . But he also was not slow in taking decisions . All done at the right time .

2 ) Mantriwira , the leader must have the courage to defend and to uphold truth and justice regardless of pressure from any party . The defense here of course to the truth . Truth here is also against poor people. Anyone who is a real leader able to provide care for the weak will surely be favored people.

     Indeed the so-called leader is one who is able to provide shelter to the weak . If the rulers are only defending financiers , owners of capital , smart people , that's not a leader .

3 ) Natangguan , the leader must have the trust of the community and strive to maintain the trust given as the responsibility and honor . Leading means accepting the mandate . Therefore, the trust must be accountable later in life . Leading jugabisa interpreted receive a mandate from the people . If a mandate is not capable of running well , not impossible mandate will be revoked or taken back .

4 ) Satya Bhakti Prabhu , the leader must have loyalty to higher interest and act with loyalty to the homeland . If this definition is expanded, it became a leader must have high nationalism . He must love the homeland. Inch of ground water , is a self-esteem . So that a leader will be loved and respected his people when he was able to keep his homeland in any way .

    Maintaining homeland is set in stone . There is no higher self-esteem in addition to able to keep the ground water and protect all the interests of the people they lead .

5 ) Wagmiwak , the leader must have the ability to express their opinions , articulate with speech orderly , courteous , polite and able to arouse the spirit of the community . It may be said that the leader should have good communication skills . Any smart as a leader , if not good at communicating will have problems .

    A good leader is able to communicate his ideas to be understood and accepted by society . Leaders should not be silent . The opposite is also inappropriate if a lot of talking . He speaks at the right time . Also issuing its opinion in a timely manner .

6 ) Wicaksananeng Naya , a leader should be smart diplomacy and clever set of strategies and tactics . Here the leader is required to have the ability to negotiate . Especially in today's global era . Leader's ability to be diplomatic become a necessity .

7 ) Sarjawa Upasama , the leader must be humble, do not be arrogant , conceited , and domineering . People always respect and appreciate the humble leader . In fact they would be empathy and sympathy to every humble leader .

8 ) Dhirotsaha , leaders must be diligent and persevering work , focused intention, creativity, taste , and his work to serve the public interest .

9 ) Tan Satrsna , the leader should not be favoritism to one class , but should be able to unite the entire community to the potential success of our goals .

10 ) Masihi Samasta Bhuana , loving leader of the universe , to preserve the environment as a gift of God Almighty , and manage natural resources as well as possible for the welfare of the people

11 ) Sih Samasta Bhuwana . The leader loved all levels of society and vice versa , the leader loves his people . This is the real essence of true leadership . If in every country there is such a model of leadership that ensured the people and their leaders will be able to live peace .

12 ) State Gineng Pratijna , leaders always put the interests of the State in the interests of personal , group or family . Although in practice , this condition is not easy to run . Because the temptations of wealth and power always overshadow any person who is sitting leader.

13 ) Dibyacitta , leaders must gracefully and be willing to accept the opinions of others or subordinates ( accommodating and aspirational ) .

14 ) Sumantri , the leader must be assertive , honest , clean , and authoritative . Being a leader should not be sluggish , should not be mushy , and the like behavior . This would make such behavior seem less authoritative leader .

15 ) Nayaken enemy , the leader must be able to master the enemy , whether it comes from inside and outside , as well as existing in itself . The greatest enemy is the leader 's own desires .

16 ) Parama Ambeg Artha , the leader must be good at determining priority or priority to more important things for the welfare and the public interest . Here it takes wisdom , wisdom , and expertise in running a leadership wheel .

17 ) Beware purwa Artha , the leader is always alert and able to perform introspection (Introspection) , to make improvements .

18 ) Prasaja , leader patterned simple life ( Aparigraha ) , no excessive fun or glamorous . Not a day longer a luxury of the leader , while the starvation of its people .

Indeed the teaching of leadership style is very suitable Gadjah Mada in his day . Of these teachings there are some who can be practiced in the present situation depends on the terrain and atmosphere encountered in every age . All that proves , that the teaching of leadership based on local wisdom turned out so rich and valuable . Just how future leaders are able to absorb these teachings to be practiced in the present life and future.

LEADERSHIP DASA PRASANTA ( 10 HOW LEADERSHIP SOOTHING )

LEADERSHIP DASA PRASANTA

( 10 HOW LEADERSHIP SOOTHING )

          The concept of leadership style turned out to have been practiced Sundanese since hundreds of years ago . Thus, if one does not dig up the teachings of the Indonesian nation ancestors are long rooted . It is certain that the repertoire of thinking about the leadership of the characters have gone through a long process of thinking .

          One concept that is Trance Siska Karesian Cage ( SCC ) . That is a leadership concept derived from the Tatar Sunda kingdom based Cibadak Sukabumi inscription numbered D - 98 , which concerns the invocation and king vows Sri Jayabupati Sundanese , and charter Kebantenan number III / IV which contains about setting boundaries and Dayeuh Sunda Dayeuh Jayagiri Sembawa .

The concept of the SCC unveil moral guidelines with regard to skill , job or position , especially behavior that should be known and carried out by a ' leader ' , which is called the Dasa Prasanta , ten sedative ( a good way of giving orders that are governed or subordinates feel happy ) . DasaPrasanta is closely related to the attitude of the leader must be able to demonstrate his skill in managing people they lead . With this ability to make the leader is respected and even honored .

          Apart from being a leader , it was originally a leader will begin in total - holistic involvement in efforts to influence , direct and coordinate the people around him ; thus ultimately the leader able to delegate authority to subordinates . Prasanta Dasa ' ten sedative ' consists of :

a. In order to ' wise / virtue , commands given by a leader to understand the benefits and usefulness by his subordinates , so there is no misunderstanding . Here the leader is required to do and behave wisely . Among them , know when it is appropriate to make an order . Not original order

b . Friendly ' act like a parent or peer- wise and friendly ' , the hospitality leader will foster a sense of comfort in the work and activities . Truly friendly leader will not reduce the authority of a leader . Precisely hospitality leader can be an attraction for subordinates to express or convey important things that has not been delivered . The situation and atmosphere conducive atmosphere should continue to be built in order to become ' something ' very good value and fun for all parties .

c . Hook ' affection or admiration ' , the command of a leader regarded as a representation of admiration for the achievements of the people he ruled . In this way , subordinates become entengan and have nothing to lose when it should be running errands or superior orders . Imagine if there was never ruled men , was called , and attention . Of course he would feel " loved" .

d . Dented ' captivate or reueus / proud ' , a leader must be able to captivate the hearts of his subordinates and is also the pride of his subordinates . Commands are presented in a way that raises the pride of the governed . It will thus be able to encourage the belief ruled subordinates . In a matter like this , President Sukarno was really good at and the right as an example of a leader that can be used to describe the character of this dented . Many have been witness to history who say things like that .

e . Asih ' love , affection , love , compassion ' , the command leader must be based on the feeling of full humanity vibration of love . Not easy to run this compassion concept . Therefore , in implementing this concept should be completely out of the deepest heart .

f . Karunya ' compassion / pity / compassion ' , is actually almost the same with love, but in Karunya / gift . Command as a leader should feel the confidence of a leader to lead.

g . Mupreuk ' persuading and reassuring ' , a leader should be able to persuade and reassure the way he leads his spirit grow .

h . Ngulas ' praise in addition to review , correct ' , through a variety of ways . A leader does not hurt or praise the work that led to reward success and driving toward the better . The tradition of giving praise and recognition is still very rare . In contrast , criticize , denounce and such more often found in everyday practice . We are as a nation , still prefer to denounce and criticize . Habits like this are actually not good . It would be better if we also provide a solution or a way out for every problem there .

i . Nyecep ' encouraging and words soothing cooling ' , could also be interpreted to give attention to the form of moral and material even if only in the form of gratitude or giving perfunctory as conditioning which lead when his heart also gets disaster or not succeed in a job .

j . Ngala angen ' take care ' , able to attract the hearts and sympathy subordinates or they lead , so connected that familiar bond of friendship and harmony .

          Dasa Prasanta as has been presented , if we look carefully , the principle is grounded to the quantity and quality of human relationships ( human relationships ) but not in the employer - worker relationship conditions are rigid and authoritarian . In the communication process using compassion penance , penance and reparation foster grindstones . Leadership that is able to apply these concepts must appear harmony between leaders and their communities .

Based on the review of the SCC can be said to have one dasa expertise Prasanta quality when he has ' qualified ' . In a sense , a leader must be ' charismatic ' , ' prestige ' or ' luck ' that occurred from the inner quality , so it will look in daily life , reflected in every movement and behavioral measures . Indeed, all it really depends also to the character , temperament or personality inherent in a leader .

LEADERSHIP BY NUSANTARA LOCAL WISDOM

LEADERSHIP BY NUSANTARA LOCAL WISDOM

Leadership is based on local wisdom is already quite full . Unfortunately, this kind of teaching received less attention from academics in the country . Yet if this leadership lesson certainly explored a lot of valuable lessons can be learned .

As is known , many ancient leaders like Gajdah Mada , Ki Hajar Dewantara , King Siliwangi , and many more have legendary leadership teachings . This is evident from his teachings that can be absorbed by the people of his time .

Society there are those who admire their teachings and even applied in everyday life .

Learning leadership of local knowledge does not mean we do not want to come forward to accept the teachings of modern leadership . However , we try to dig again why they are so legendary teachings ? Is there indeed a virtue or glory of their teachings . Or is there something that makes it able to penetrate their doctrine of space and time .

After trying disclosed is proved that the teaching of leadership from leaders past it has some wisdom , ideals and glory that ought to be developed and studied further .

We certainly should not only admire the teachings . But there 's good leadership doctrine is necessary to re-excavated and developed .

KEPEMIMPINAN DALAM KONSEPSI TATA TENTREM KERTA RAHARJA

Konsepsi Tata Tentrem Kerta Raharja

          Arti harfiah dari konsep Tata Tentrem Kerta Raharja ini adalah sebuah konsep untuk membangun bangsa dan negara yang diawali oleh tahapan:

a.     Menata dulu aturan-aturan, tujuan, visi, misi yang jelas, situasi dan kondisi suatu wilayah termasuk sumber daya-nya (tata = mengatur).

b.     Bila sudah tertata sesuai dengan aturan yang disepakati bersama dan dijiwai semangat kebersamaan, maka akan tercipta situasi dan kondisi yang aman (tentrem = aman tertib).

c.      Selanjutnya bila sudah tercipta suasana yang tata tentrem maka suasana dan gairah kerja pun akan terbangun dengan sendrinya (kerta = kerja).

d.     Pada akhirnya apabila gairah kerja sudah terbangun dengan maksimal, maka secara otomatis kesejahteraan pun akan segera terwujud dengan pasti.

Konsepsi Tata Tentrem Kerta Raharja ini bila ditelusuri lebih jauh, berawal dari konsep Prabu Wastu Kencana sebagai raja Sunda-Galuh (1382) atau juga dikenal sebagai Prabu Siliwangi ke-2, dalam prasastinya yang ditemukan di Astana Gede Kawali Ciamis – Jawa barat yang intinya berisi: “Bila ingin jaya bernegara, harus mampu membangun kekuatan dengan kedamaian, membangun kekuatan dengan kerendahan hati dan siapa pun yang tinggal di wilayah ini jangan serakah karena hanya akan mengakibatkan celaka” (pakeun heubeul jaya dibuana, pake gawe kreta bener, pake gawe kreta raharja, nutinggal dibumi atis ulah botoh bisi koboro).

          Pengertian secara umum dari prasasti Kawali tersebut menyiratkan bahwa prasyarat untuk mencapai kejayaan itu, yang pertama adalah harus mampu mendciptakan kondisi yang damai, karena dalam kedamaian itu akan tumbuh sebuah kekuatan, baik kekuatan lahir maupun batin. Maka, para orang tua yang ingin menyempurnakan hidupnya kala itu mencari tempat yang sepi, hening, dan damai untuk bertapa. Para nabi pun ketika mendapat wahyu sebagai Firman Tuhan didapat di dalam suasana yang hening dan damai.

          Dalam situasi damailah, kita akan mampu membangn suasana kerja yang benar, membangun kebenaran yang sebenar-benarnya (kreta bener). Maka selanjutnya akan menjadi jembatan emas ke arah terwujudnya masyarakat yang adil dan makmur kerta raharja (kreta raharja), di mana dalam Fragmen Carita Parahiyangan, kerta raharja ini lebih dikenal dengan istilah: Ngertakeun jalma rea (kesejahteraan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat) atau Ngertakeun bumi lamba (tanah air yang subur makmur) yang selanjutnya lebih dikenal dengan konsep “Tata Tentrem Kerta Raharja”. Sebuah konsepsi ideal sesuai Pancasila (Sila ke-5), keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia atau dalam konsep agama Islam dikenal sebagi Negara yang Baldathun Thoyibatun Warobun Ghaffur.

          Kemudian, bila menelaah arti dari “membangun kekuatan dengan kerendahan hati” menyiratkan bahwa sebagai seorang pemimpin yang mumpuni dalam menggerakan masyarakanya harus bersifat rendah hati tidak mengedepankan kekuasaan secara arogan atau sombong. Karena seseorang dipercaya sebagai pemimpin pada hakekatnya merupakan sebuah amanah yang diberikan oleh masyarakat/bawahan, sehingga apabila lupa diri dan bersifat sombong dengan kekuasaan yang dimiliki maka akan hilang musnah (ulah batengeh bisi kateker) sebagaimana filosofi Kampung Naga atau juga sebagaimana tersurat dalam naskah Amanat Galunggung yang dikenal sebagai Elmu Pare (Ilmu Padi) yang intinya kian berisi kian merunduk.

          Hal tersebut sejalan dengan konsepsi agama Islam yang mengajarkan agar ssetiap manusi bersikap tawadhu. Di dalam Al Qur’an disebutkan,”Dan rendah hatilah engkau terhadap orang-orang yang mengikutimu….” (Al Syu’ara 26:215), “Wahai manusia, janganlah engkau sekali-kali berjalan di muka bumi dengan sombong” (Al Lukman 31:18 / Al Isra 17:37). Serta hadist Buchari Muslim, “Maka siapa pun yang berjalan di muka bumi dnegan sombong akan terputus dari rahmat-Ku, dan barang siapa yang di dalam hatinya terbesit rasa sombong walau sebesar debu, maka dia tidak akan mencium bau surga”.  Disamping itu, jangan pula sekali-kali bersifat serakah yang hanya mementingkan kepentingan duniawi baik dalam mencari kedudukan maupun rejeki, karena barang siapa yang serakah maka dia akan celaka (ulah bobotoh bisi kokoro), sebagamana disebutkan dalam surat Ali Imron (3:185), “Kehidupan dunia ini tidak lain hanyalah kesenangan yang memperdayakan”.

          Masalah kepemimpinan, berkelindan erat dengan unsur silih asih, silih asah, dan silih asuh yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan yang universal. Untuk itu selayaknya diejawantahkan oleh seorang pemimpin sebagai master dalam kepemimpinannya sebagaimana dilakukan oleh raja Sunda yang bergelar “Prabu sSiliwangi”, raja yang legendaris, serta dicintai masyarakatnya, karena telah berhasil memberdayakan dan mensejaherakan rakyatnya